Bibliographies: 'To 1974' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

Since the early 1970s, when income distribution became an operative objective of economic development (Chenery et al. 1974), knowledge on the subject has certainly improved. A number of analytical treatises have focused on the issue Pen (1971), Atkinson (1970), Cline (1975) and, more important, data on income distribution are routinely reported for about a score of developing countries (LDCs) and as many developed countries (Des) World Bank (1986), Jain (1975), Paukert (1973). These data deal with the within-country relative income distribution and report one or more of the common inequality measures. Moreover, for some countries measures of absolute poverty exist which report, e.g., the population that lives below a "poverty level", defmed in terms of consumption (calories) or income (for example, Dandekar and Rath (1971), Bardhan (1970), (1973), Fishlow (1972). Such measures of absolute poverty, if aggregated over a number of countries, give a measure of relative world poverty and an idea of how it is distributed between- countries. Cross-country comparisons have also been based on ranking various countries on the basis of their measures of relative income distribution.

Abstract:

BOVINE Brucellosis is a disease of cattle which causes abortions, retained placenta, inferillity and cconomic losses in calf pro duction in the affected herds. This disease has been diagnosed in various parts of the country (Efurioso, 1974). Although some herds were found to be free, others were moderately infected, while others still were heavily infected. Unfortunately, some of the heavily infected cattle herds were at the breeding centres from where animal were usually sold out to beginners about to start their own foundation herds. Therefore a trail of brucellosis could be followed to many of these herds. From currently available information (Esuruoso & Hill, 1971; Esuruoso & Van Blake, 1972; Esuruoso 1974a & 1974b) it is estimated that direct losses due to bovine brucellosis alone in Oyo State is around ₦200,000 per 10,000 adult female cattle per annum. Losses in other parts of the country have been shown to be heavy in some places and low in others (Banerjee and Bhatty, 1970; Esurdoso, 1974b; Esaruoso, 1975; Nuru and Dennis, 1975) but can only be properly estimated when more work has been done to find out the status of most of the herds in relation to the incidence; only a very small percentage of herds in the northern state (Esurtoso, 1974b; Nuru and Dennis, 1975) have been investigated.

Abstract:

RÉSUMÉ Le présent article est une réflexion concernant la pertinence d’appliquer des tests statistiques à des mesures fondées sur des populations exhaustives. Il appuie cette réflexion sur l’ensemble de Sainte-Lucie, petite île des Antilles pour laquelle on a observé de 1971 à 1975 la série de décès et de taux de mortalité suivante : 1971 : 796 (7,75%), 1972 : 947 (9,12%), 1973 : 840 (8,01%), 1974 : 829 (7,82%) et 1975 : 819 (7,65%) décès. La question posée par cet article est de savoir si les fluctuations observées dans les décès et les taux sont le fait du hasard.

Abstract:

Since the late 1960s, the study of school attendance in the nineteenth century has been one of the most vigorous research interests of social historians in the field of educational history. One line of research has investigated the growth of the institution of schools, the “rise of mass schooling,” using enrollment rates as a key indicator (Field, 1976, 1979, 1980; Fishlow, 1966; Kaestle and Vinovskis, 1974). Another line has been more interested in the social distribution of schooling, exploring how rates of attendance differed across time and across such social divisions as age, gender, race, class, religion, and ethnicity (Denton and George, 1974; Kaestle and Vinovskis, 1980; Katz, 1972, 1975; Katz and Davey, 1978; Soltow and Stevens, 1981; Thernstrom, 1964; Troen, 1973; Vinyard, 1972).

Abstract:

75 Jahre Liederkranz Eutendorf. 1971. 43 S.125 Jahre Turn- und Sportverein Gaildorf. 1973.152 S.13. Bezirksmusikfest Hohenlohe. Gaildorf 1973. 48 S.140 Jahre Liederkranz Gaildorf. 1974. (36 S.)Zum 200jährigen Jubiläum und zum 6. Theresientaler Heimattreffen 1975 in Gaildorf. 16 S. Deutsche Lebensrettungsgesellschaft. 10jähriges Jubiläum Ortsgruppe Gaildorf 1974 (6 S.).

Abstract:

After the work of Marmarelis & Naka (1972, 1973) in the catfish retina, systems analysis using stochastic stimuli has had a boom in the seventies (e.g. McCann & Marmarelis, 1975; Eckert & Bishop, 1975; French & Wong, 1977; Lipson, 1975; McCann, 1974; Naka, Marmarelis & Chan, 1975; Spekreijse & Reits, 1982; Trimble & Phillips, 1978; Terzuolo et al. 1982). White-noise analysis was considered to be a general tool for investigating nonlinear systems gaining a maximum of information with a minimum of assumptions about the system. The modification of the original Wiener theory (Wiener, 1958; Cameron & Martin, 1947; McKean, 1972) by Lee & Schetzen (1965) made the theory fairly easy to implement into widely available computers and thus accessible to a larger number of experimenters.

Abstract:

Analysis of 108 cases of Neonatal Tetanus by using a scoring system (Tjandra et al., 1974) revealed that 18 patients belonged to Grade I with a mortality rate of 5.6%; 43 belonged to Grade II with a mortality nate of 58.1%; and 47 belonged to Grade III with 91.5% mortality. The differences of mortality between the 3 groups are statistically significant. Mortality rate of 1973 was the lowest (50%) compared to that of 1972 (75%); 1974 (72.2%) and 1975 (61.4%). However, the number of patients belonging to Grade I in 1973 was the highest, 36.4%; whereas that of 1972 was 16.7%; 1974 was 11.1% and 1975 was 9.1 %. Classification of severity in Neonatal Tetanus is therefore, not only important for selecting a "treatment of choice" by comparing mortality rates of those having the same grade of severity, but may be also very useful in determining the method of treatment for different levels of severity.

Abstract:

Like most classifications of molluscan shell microstructure published during the past 25 years (e.g., MacClintock, 1967; Kobayashi, 1964, 1971; Taylor, Kennedy and Hall, 1969, 1973; Grégoire, 1972a), the present one is based largely on Bøggild's (1930) monographic work, redefined from a modern perspective of combined light and scanning electron microscopy. However, this is the first attempt to integrate shell microstructure terminology for mollusks with that employed by students of bryozoan and brachiopod shell microstructure (e.g., Williams, 1968a,b, 1970, 1973; Williams and Wright, 1970; Armstrong 1968, 1969; Sandberg, 1971, 1977; Brunton, 1972; MacKinnon, 1974, 1977; MacKinnon and Williams, 1974; Iwata, 1981, 1982). An integration of nomenclatorial schemes is desirable for purposes of interphylum comparison, and is presently needed because there is considerable overlap and inconsistency in the application of microstructural terminology even within single molluscan classes. The present synthesis of shell microstructure nomenclature is possible primarily because of the extensive data base of invertebrate shell mineralogy, microstructure and especially ultrastructure published in more than 300 references in the past 15 years. To these data, the authors have contributed original information of shell mineralogy and microstructure for scores of Recent and fossil mollusks, brachiopods and bryozoans, with a clear emphasis on bivalved mollusks. Many inadequately described microstructure terms have been reanalyzed during the course of this study, either by examining species cited in the literature, or by using closely related species. Perhaps because they are better studied, but probably for other reasons as well, the diversity of molluscan shell microstructures is considerably greater than that of brachiopods and bryozoans combined (Carter, 1979). Consequently, most of the present nomenclature is based on mollusks, and only three of the major microstructural arrangements described in this guide (crossed bladed, semi-nacreous and semi-foliated) were known first in brachiopods or bryozoans and later recognized in molluscs.

Abstract:

À partir d’un retour sur quelques crises politiques du XX e siècle (1934-1938 en France, Chili 1970-1973, Portugal 1974-1975), Ugo Palheta revient sur une question stratégique fondamentale : un dépassem*nt du capitalisme sans rupture est-il possible ? Dialoguant avec Erik Olin Wright, il répond par la négative tout en soulignant combien, si les utopies réelles constituent des éléments de socialisme déjà là, le démantèlement du capitalisme rencontrera des oppositions telles que seul un processus révolutionnaire – supposant une mobilisation populaire de masse – pourra le mettre à bas.

Abstract:

In the past fifteen years, the MESA Bulletin has published numerous reports about research facilities in various Middle East countries, including several on Arab states (Zartman 1970; Williams 1970; Brown, Rollman, and Waterbury 1970; Coury 1971; Raccagni and Simmons 1972; Hudson 1972; Bechtold 1973, Zghal and Karoui 1973; Miller 1973; Hale and Hale 1975; Rassam 1976; Mandaville 1979; Anderson 1980; Reinhart 1980; Clancy-Smith 1984; Crystal 1984). None of these, however, has focused on doing survey research in the region. In part, this seemed to indicate a lack of interest in, and/or feasibility for, carrying out this type of research. In fact, when in 1973 MESA members were asked to share with their colleagues the data from surveys they had carried out, only twenty-one individuals responded, and in only nine cases were there survey data gathered in Arab states (“A Preliminary Listing …” 1974). Since then, the situation has improved somewhat. Thus, Palmer et al. (1982) have compiled an analytical index detailing more than 350 studies using survey research techniques in different Arab countries. Also in 1983, an international conference on the evaluation and application of survey research in the Arab world was held at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Study and Conference Center in Bellagio, Italy. The Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation sponsored the conference, which was attended by twenty-four individuals from the United States and seven Arab countries. A book based on the papers and proceedings of the conference will be published soon, edited by Tessler et al. (forthcoming).

Abstract:

The thesis is concerned with the Ethiopian revolution between 1974, when an urban popular uprising broke out, and 1984, when the new regime established the Workers Party of Ethiopia. Chapter 1 discusses the background to the revolution and introduces the factors that became important in the causes and outcomes of the revolution. Part one (Chapters 2 and 3) is concerned with the the urban popular uprising of early 1974 which followed in the wake of the structural crisis. Chapter 3 deals with the capture of power by a group of junior officers and privates (the Derg) claiming to represent the security forces. 1974 to 1977 discusses under part two (chapters 4 6) can be taken as the formative years of the post-revolutionary order. Chapter 4 discusses the new regime's 1975 social and economic reforms; chapter 5 the emergence of the political organizations and the regime's 1976 conversion from "African socialism" to "scientific Socialism"; and, Chapter 6 the autocratization under Mengistu Haile-Mariam of what had until 1977 been a collective exercise of power by a group of junior officers, in the name of the Derg. Part three (Chapters 7 and 8) is concerned with the consolidation of power by the new autocracy. Chapter 7 describes its victories over urban dissension led by one of the leftist civilian organizations (EPRP) and over international and domestic counter-revolutionary forces as well as Ethiopia's shift of alliances from the west to the east. Chapter 8 deals with the elimination of all existing political organizations and with the establishment of the Workers Party of Ethiopia. Chapter 9 gives a summary of the whole work and attempts to examine the episode under consideration from the perspective of contemporary social science research.

Abstract:

Cette thèse étudie les Algériennes entrées dans la région lyonnaise avant 1962 et opte pour une histoire du contact en croisant le point de vue des métropolitains et celui des Algériennes. Elle examine d’abord le contexte dans lequel ces femmes arrivent (essor des nationalismes algériens, guerre d’indépendance en métropole). D’une part, les discours et pratiques des journalistes, photographes, agents de la préfecture, démographes, juges témoignent des préjugés hérités de l’époque coloniale qui les effacent ; de l’autre, celles-ci manifestent par leurs pratiques sociales, leurs stratégies de défenses, une conscience des préjugés qui leur permet de s’effacer à leur tour. Pendant la guerre d’indépendance, telle qu’elle prend forme en métropole, cet effacement facilite leur mobilisation dans les différents partis en lutte puisque les Algériennes du MNA comme celles du FLN intègrent les réseaux clandestins : elles connaissent alors l’action clandestine, la répression, l’emprisonnement, la violence, le deuil, la fuite, etc. Dépassant l’événement de la guerre, la thèse replace ensuite les Algériennes dans leurs dynamiques migratoires et leurs parcours en métropole jusqu’en 1962. L’étude des parcours scolaires, de l’inscription socio-professionnelle, du mariage, met en évidence leur diversité. Ces femmes, loin d’être inactives, quoique bénéficiaires d’aides, génèrent des réseaux qui définissent leurs propres territoires urbains et forment une diaspora discrète. On est enfin en mesure de poser les fondements d’un exemple d’intégration originale, communautaire sans communautarisme, telle qu’elle s’opère après 1962. Le succès mitigé de l’Amicale des femmes algériennes le montre. C’est là le résultat d’un ensemble de résistances culturelles et politiques (choix d’une nationalité, d’un lieu d’inhumation, etc.) face auxquelles et avec lesquelles les Algériennes composent leur identité sociale en métropole
This thesis focuses on Algerian women who arrived in Lyon and surrounding areas before 1962. It presents a historical analysis which cross-compares their point of view and that of the metropolitan French, with regard to their interactions. It first examines the context in which these women arrived: the growth of Algerian nationalism and the Algerian War in metropolitan France. On the one hand, it analyses the discourses and social practices of journalists, photograph reporters, authorities, experts in demographics, judges. These discourses and social practices bear witness to the colonial era’s legacy in terms of prejudice and to the way in which this prejudice subjected Algerian women to effacement – the process in which a group of people within a society become less visible because they do not match the characteristics that are expected from them. On the other hand, through their social habits and defence strategies, these women showed their consciousness of the stereotypes affecting them: they subjected themselves to effacement and used it strategically as a camouflage. During the Algerian War, as it took shape in metropolitan France, effacement facilitated their mobilization in the two opposing parties: both FLN and MNA integrated women in their clandestine networks. This research analyses all the aspects of their involvement in the struggle: clandestine actions, repression prison, violence, mourning, flight, etc. Beyond the war as an event, this thesis moves on to resituate Algerian women in their migratory dynamics and their process of settling in, in metropolitan France, up to 1962. The study of their education, socio-professional insertion, and marriages highlights the diversity of Algerian women living in Lyon and surrounding areas. Although they benefited from welfare, they were far from being idle, and created networks that defined their own urban territories. More generally speaking, Algerian women formed a discreet diaspora. Based on a study of the press and on interviews and previously unpublished sources, this thesis highlights the evolution of a media discourse on Algerian women and cross-compares it with a sociological data base. This allows us to lay the foundations of an original form of social integration after 1962 which is community-based but not communitarian as made visible by the evolution of the association Amicale des Femmes Algériennes. It is the result of a series of cultural and political resistances in relation to which and with which Algerian women constructed their identity in metropolitan France

Abstract:

Cette thèse étudie les Algériennes entrées dans la région lyonnaise avant 1962 et opte pour une histoire du contact en croisant le point de vue des métropolitains et celui des Algériennes. Elle examine d’abord le contexte dans lequel ces femmes arrivent (essor des nationalismes algériens, guerre d’indépendance en métropole). D’une part, les discours et pratiques des journalistes, photographes, agents de la préfecture, démographes, juges témoignent des préjugés hérités de l’époque coloniale qui les effacent ; de l’autre, celles-ci manifestent par leurs pratiques sociales, leurs stratégies de défenses, une conscience des préjugés qui leur permet de s’effacer à leur tour. Pendant la guerre d’indépendance, telle qu’elle prend forme en métropole, cet effacement facilite leur mobilisation dans les différents partis en lutte puisque les Algériennes du MNA comme celles du FLN intègrent les réseaux clandestins : elles connaissent alors l’action clandestine, la répression, l’emprisonnement, la violence, le deuil, la fuite, etc. Dépassant l’événement de la guerre, la thèse replace ensuite les Algériennes dans leurs dynamiques migratoires et leurs parcours en métropole jusqu’en 1962. L’étude des parcours scolaires, de l’inscription socio-professionnelle, du mariage, met en évidence leur diversité. Ces femmes, loin d’être inactives, quoique bénéficiaires d’aides, génèrent des réseaux qui définissent leurs propres territoires urbains et forment une diaspora discrète. On est enfin en mesure de poser les fondements d’un exemple d’intégration originale, communautaire sans communautarisme, telle qu’elle s’opère après 1962. Le succès mitigé de l’Amicale des femmes algériennes le montre. C’est là le résultat d’un ensemble de résistances culturelles et politiques (choix d’une nationalité, d’un lieu d’inhumation, etc.) face auxquelles et avec lesquelles les Algériennes composent leur identité sociale en métropole
This thesis focuses on Algerian women who arrived in Lyon and surrounding areas before 1962. It presents a historical analysis which cross-compares their point of view and that of the metropolitan French, with regard to their interactions. It first examines the context in which these women arrived: the growth of Algerian nationalism and the Algerian War in metropolitan France. On the one hand, it analyses the discourses and social practices of journalists, photograph reporters, authorities, experts in demographics, judges. These discourses and social practices bear witness to the colonial era’s legacy in terms of prejudice and to the way in which this prejudice subjected Algerian women to effacement – the process in which a group of people within a society become less visible because they do not match the characteristics that are expected from them. On the other hand, through their social habits and defence strategies, these women showed their consciousness of the stereotypes affecting them: they subjected themselves to effacement and used it strategically as a camouflage. During the Algerian War, as it took shape in metropolitan France, effacement facilitated their mobilization in the two opposing parties: both FLN and MNA integrated women in their clandestine networks. This research analyses all the aspects of their involvement in the struggle: clandestine actions, repression prison, violence, mourning, flight, etc. Beyond the war as an event, this thesis moves on to resituate Algerian women in their migratory dynamics and their process of settling in, in metropolitan France, up to 1962. The study of their education, socio-professional insertion, and marriages highlights the diversity of Algerian women living in Lyon and surrounding areas. Although they benefited from welfare, they were far from being idle, and created networks that defined their own urban territories. More generally speaking, Algerian women formed a discreet diaspora. Based on a study of the press and on interviews and previously unpublished sources, this thesis highlights the evolution of a media discourse on Algerian women and cross-compares it with a sociological data base. This allows us to lay the foundations of an original form of social integration after 1962 which is community-based but not communitarian as made visible by the evolution of the association Amicale des Femmes Algériennes. It is the result of a series of cultural and political resistances in relation to which and with which Algerian women constructed their identity in metropolitan France

Abstract:

Ngauruhoe is an active basaltic andesite to andesite composite cone volcano at the southern end of the Tongariro volcanic complex, and most recently erupted in 1954-55 and 1974-75. These eruptions constructed the inner crater of Ngauruhoe, largely composed of 1954-55 deposits, which are the basis of this study. The inner crater stratigraphy, exposed on the southern wall, is divided into seven lithostratigraphic units (A to G), while the northern stratigraphy is obscured by the inward collapse of the crater rim. The units are, from oldest to youngest: Unit A, (17.5 m thick), a densely agglutinated spatter deposit with sharp clast outlines; Unit B, (11.2 m) a thick scoria lapilli deposit with local agglutination and scattered spatter bombs up to 1 m in length; Unit C, (6.4 m thick) a clastogenic lava deposit with lateral variations in agglutination; and Unit D, (10 m thick) a scoria lapilli with varying local agglutination. The overlying Unit E (15 cm thick) is a fine ash fallout bed that represents the final vulcanian phase of the 1954-55 eruption. Unit F is a series of six lapilli and ash beds that represent the early vulcanian episode of the 1974-75 eruption. The uppermost Unit G (averaging 10 m thick) is a densely agglutinated spatter deposit that represents the later strombolian phase of the 1974-75 eruption. Units A-D juvenile clasts are porphyritic, with phenocrysts of plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, minor olivine, within a microlitic glassy groundmass. Quartzose and greywacke xenoliths are common in most units, and are derived from the underlying basem*nt. The 1954-55 and 1974-75 eruptions are a product of a short-lived, continental arc medium-K calc-alkaline magma. The magma originated from the mantle, then filtered through the crust, undergoing assimilation and fractionation, and evolving to basaltic andesite and andesite compositions. The magma body stagnated in shallow reservoirs where it underwent further crustal assimilation and fractionation of plagioclase and olivine, and hom*ogenisation through magma mixing. Prior to the 1954-55 eruption a more primitive magma body was incorporated into the melt. The melt hom*ogenised and fed both the 1954-55 and 1974-75 eruptions, with a residence time of at least 20 years. The 1954-55 eruption produced alternating basaltic andesite and andesite strombolian activity and more intense fire fountaining, erupting scoria and spatter that built up the bulk of the inner crater. A period of relative quiescence allowed the formation of a cooled, solid cap rock that resulted in the accumulation of pressure due to volatile exsolution and bubble coalescence. The fracturing of the cap rock then resulted in a vulcanian eruption, depositing a thin layer of fine ash and ballistic blocks. The 1974-75 eruption commenced with the rupturing of the near-solid cap rock from the 1954-55 eruption in an explosive vulcanian blast, the result of decompressional volatile exsolution and bubble coalescence, and possible magma-water interaction. The eruption later changed to strombolian style, producing a clastogenic lava that partially flowed back into the crater.

Abstract:

La scene financiere internationale est dominee depuis 1982 par une grave crise de l'endettement. La dette des pays en voie de developpement, qui s'elevait a cent milliards de dollars en 1971, atteint pres de huit cent cinquante milliards de dollars en 1985. Le point culminant de la crise est atteint en 1982, lorsque pour la premiere fois, plusieurs tres gros debiteurs menacent de se declarer en defaut de paiement, mettant ainsi en danger l'ensemble du systeme bancaire international. Les causes de cette crise resident d'une part dans les consequences nefastes pour les pays emprunteurs de la part croissante prise par les banques commerciales privees dans le financement de leurs deficits et d'autre part dans les repercussions deplorables sur les conditions de prets, du changement d'orientation de la politique monetaire americaine. Dans le dessein de se proteger des risques que representent des prets aux pays en voie de developpement, les banques commerciales developperent des techniques d'evaluation des risques pays de plus en plus sophistiquees. Pourtant, et c'est paradoxal, ces nouvelles methodes ne semblent pas avoir empecher la crise ! afin d'elucider ce dilemme, nous serons amenes a nous interroger sur les responsabilites de chacun des acteurs (preteurs et emprunteurs) dans la crise; celles-ci nous paraissant tout a fait partagees
The international economic scene has been dominated, since 1982, by the emergence of debt-servicing difficulties in major developing countries. The total debt of the developing countries, which was by one hundred billion dollars in 1971, reached by eight hundred and fifty billion dollars in 1985. In 1982, the worst of the crisis occured, when for the first time, several very large borrowers had encountered difficulties in servicing their debt, jeopardizing the whole international banking system. The causes of this crisis consist, firstly in the badconsequences for the developing countries of the increasing part of commercial banks in the financing of their deficits and secondly in the bad repercussions of the change of the american monetary policy on the interest rates. To protect them against the increasing risks, commercial banks adopted new sophisticated technics to appreciate country risk. Nevertheless, and it's a paradox, these new methods couldn't prevent banks from the crisis! in order to understand why, we shall wonder whether the responsabilities fall on borrowwers, on lenders or on both

Abstract:

In Portugal, in the 1970s, the Local Outpatient Support Service (SAAL) constituted a progressive housing program, which instituted participatory democracy and a collaborative framework between the State, specialists and target populations, seeking to solve the urgent problem of homelessness. Focusing on three specific case studies [Távora: Prelada (Porto, 1975-1976), Hestnes Ferreira: Fonsecas e Calçada (Lisbon, 1974-1988) and Costa Cabral: Pego Longo (Queluz, 1975-1977)], possible reflections of the previous paths of these architects in their respective urban and housing project proposals. Basing the analysis on original material, deposited in various archives and specialized libraries, this article offers a first systematization of the collected information, promoting a methodology for analysing the relationship between research and the practice of architecture/urbanism, developed and experimented in Portugal. Finally, clues are offered for the recovery of these participatory social projects, as possible models to follow today. Keywords: Housing; SAAL; Investigation; Sustainability; Urban Metabolism Em Portugal, na década de 1970, o Serviço de Apoio Ambulatório Local (SAAL) constituiu um programa habitacional progressista, tendo instituído uma democracia participativa dentro de um quadro colaborativo entre o Estado, especialistas e a população, com o objetivo de solucionar o grave e urgente problema de falta de habitação. Centrando-nos em três casos de estudo [Távora: Prelada (Porto, 1975-1976), Hestnes Ferreira: Fonsecas e Calçada (Lisboa, 1974-1988) e Costa Cabral: Pego Longo (Queluz, 1975-1977)], examinamos possíveis reflexos dos percursos prévios destes arquitetos nas suas respetivas propostas de projeto urbano e habitacionais. Baseando a análise em material original, depositado em diversos arquivos e bibliotecas especializadas, o presente artigo oferece uma primeira sistematização da informação recolhida, promovendo uma metodologia de análise da relação entre investigação e prática da arquitetura/urbanismo, desenvolvida e experimentada em Portugal. Por fim, oferecem-se pistas para a recuperação destes projetos sociais participativos, como possíveis modelos a seguir na atualidade. Palavras-chave: Habitação; SAAL; Investigação; Sustentabilidade; Metabolismo Urbano

Abstract:

A vietnámi háború lezárását és az ország békéjének helyreállítását célzó egyezményt 1973. január 27-én Párizsban írták alá. Ez az egyezmény szavatolta a Nemzetközi Ellenőrző és Felügyelő Bizottság (NEFB) felállítását, amely keretén belül a háború utolsó szakaszában Magyarország is szolgálatot teljesített. Az ebben való részvételre 1972. október 19-én kérte fel hazánkat az észak-vietnámi kormány, amit a Politikai Bizottság október 24-i ülésén fogadott el. A misszióban a katonák és a különböző rendvédelmi szervek tagjai (524 fő) mellett polgári személyek és diplomaták (112 fő) is szerepeltek. Ők 1973. január 27. és 1975. május 8. között három váltásban utaztak ki, és hét körzetben, 26 Helyi Ellenőrző Csoportban, 26 Áteresztő Ellenőrző Csoportban és a saigoni központban dolgoztak. A béketeremtő műveletekben való részvétel azonban áldozatokkal is járt. 1973. április 7-én egy nemzetközi megfigyelőket szállító, az NEFB felségjelével ellátott helikoptert rakétatalálat ért, és a rajta utazó két magyar NEFB-tag is elhunyt. 1974-ben a harco*k felerősödésével több ellenőrző csoportot is be kellett vonni a központba, és a harmadik váltás is jószerével Saigonra és körzetére redukálta tevékenységét. 1975. április 30-án a Ho Shi Minh-hadművelet záróakkordjaként elfoglalták Saigont. A magyar kontingens ott tartózkodó állományát amerikai segítséggel vonták ki, és május 8-án tértek haza.

Abstract:

A proposta desta comunicação é realizar uma breve discussão acerca dos conceitos de arquitetura e espaço na obra do artista norte-americano Gordon Matta-Clark (1943-1978), especialmente em sua produção concentrada nos anos de 1974 a 1977. É neste período que o artista realizou os cortes nos edifícios, que o tornariam famoso. Estas intervenções, conhecidas por building cuts, apresentam uma leitura diferente do espaço, bem como uma reinterpretação da linguagem da arquitetura.

Abstract:

A special case of the shape from shading problem, applicable to surfaces with unusual reflecting properties, was solved by Rindfleisch (1966). For the special reflectance properties he considered, a profile of the solution surface can be obtained by integrating along predetermined straight lines in the image plane. The general problem was formulated and solved later (Horn, 1970 and 1975). The method of characteristic strip expansion was used originally to solve the nonlinear first-order partial differential image irradiance equation. The reflectance map makes the analysis of the shape from shading algorithm much easier, provided that both light sources and viewer are far away from the scene being viewed (Horn, 1977; Horn and Sjoberg, 1979). Several iterative schemes, mostly based on minimization of some function containing an integral of the brightness error, arose later (Woodham, 1977; Strat, 1979; Ikeuchi and Horn, 1981; Kirk, 1984; Brooks and Horn, 1985; Horn and Brooks, 1986; Kirk, 1987; Frankot and Chellappa, 1988). For a collection of papers on shape from shading, as well as a review of the subject and an extensive bibliography, see “Shape from Shading" (Horn and Brooks, 1989).

Abstract:

The modern movement of cross-cultural psychology began in the mid-1960s. Shortly after those earlier activities, two conferences were building blocks in helping to develop and institutionalize the field. The first was a NATO-sponsored conference held in Istanbul in 1971. Organized by Lee J. Cronbach and Pieter J. D. Drenth, it resulted in a book that they edited, <em>Mental tests and cultural adaptation</em> (Mouton Press, 1972). The second was the inaugural IACCP conference held in Hong Kong in 1972. It was organized by John Dawson and resulted in the first IACCP proceedings volume, <em>Readings in cross-cultural psychology </em>(Dawson and Lonner, published by the University of Hong Kong Press in 1974) In addition, a number of other activities spanning the mid-1960s to the early 1970s were important in setting the stage for the rapid ascent of contemporary culture-oriented psychology. For example, the <em>Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology</em> was inaugurated in 1970. Unit 1 of IACCP’s <em>Online Readings in Psychology and Culture</em> contains further information about the first half century of IACCP (IACCP.org).

Abstract:

Land reforms sacrifice property rights in the name of a fairer distribution. The trade-off they imply makes their study of interest to Economic Historians: do the benefits of reduced land inequality justify the violation of property rights? The discussion about land reforms factors in both the social and efficiency consequences of land inequality. The debate preceding the Portuguese Agrarian Reform echoes these concerns and culminated in an anti-latifundia sentiment crystallized in the legislation used to justify the land occupations of 1974 to 1976. The aim of this paper is to critically assess the efficiency arguments used to justify the occupations. Was land productivity lower in latifúndio counties? A unique dataset drawn from primary sources was specially assembled to answer this question. Through standard OLS regression, this study finds that the number of agriculture journeyman per employer landowner has a statistically significant effect on agricultural productivity after controlling for geographical and soil characteristics. It also finds that introducing literacy as a control causes the effect of land inequality to disappear leading to the conclusion that policies aimed at improving human capital would have been just as effective as a land reform. Further, this study also identifies the crop mix selected as the proximate channel of transmission. Farmers in the region with the highest levels of land inequality favoured less valuable crops, like wheat. An arid climate combined with a lack of irrigation infrastructure and wheat protectionism justify this preference.

Abstract:

This document is an architectural survey of eight armories, seven field maintenance shops (FMS; three detached and four attached to the armory), and ten metal storage buildings utilized by the Ohio Army National Guard (OHARNG), located across the state of Ohio. The armories and OMS were constructed or received extensive renovation and additions between 1971 and 1977, while the majority of the metal storage buildings were constructed in the 1980s. This survey satisfies Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) as amended and was used to recommend the eligibility of these buildings and structures for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It is the recommendation of this report that two armories; Alliance Armory (1976) and Xenia Armory (1975) and one associated support building; Xenia motor storage building (1975) are significant under National Register of Historic Places criteria and retain enough integrity to be individually eligible for the NRHP. Volume II of this report is published separately and contains the ERDC-CERL architectural survey forms.

Abstract:

This book presents a selection of empirical conclusions, or findings, from the body of family planning research that has accumulated over the last two decades. Twelve topics of current interest are reviewed, as a sequel to three similar publications issued in 1971, 1972, and 1974. A findings document compresses what has been learned into straightforward declarative statements, giving summary evidence to support each statement. In cases where a conclusion is well founded, with extensive supporting evidence, only illustrative or summary references are needed. In other cases, citations are required for individual studies. Generalizations that are unsupported or too ambiguous to permit a definite statement do not qualify for inclusion. Methodology and theory are not the primary concern; rather, the focus is on research results that merit particular attention. Thus, solid conclusions are included, along with important evidence. It is important to establish a record outlining evidence that underlies each finding, with identification of which country or region it comes from. With time, this record should evolve, and then the current compilation will serve as a point of departure for restatement.

Abstract:

Rapporten är en empirisk studie av den pressdebatt som föregick riksdagsbeslu*tet om det vilande förslaget till ny regeringsform i februari 1974. Mot företrädare för de fyra största riksdagspartierna stod representanter för ideella organisationer, allmänheten och enstaka politiker. Medan de förra hävdade att författningsreformen i huvudsak var en kodifiering av praxis, hävdade motståndarna att reformen gav regeringen verktyg att inskränka de medborgerliga fri- och rättigheterna samt att den försvagade monarkin eftersom den lämnade statschefen nästan helt utan lagfästa arbetsuppgifter. Medan flera av reformens motståndare ville ha en folkomröstning om grundlagsförslaget, hävdade reformens anhängare att förslaget var alltför komplicerat för allmänheten att ta ställning till i en folkomröstning och att resultatet av en sådan skulle vara svårt att tolka. Debatten röjer tydliga skillnader i synen på den representativa demokratin i de båda lägren. De motståndare som kom till uttryck i debatten argumenterade konsekvent från en naturrättsligt grundad rättsuppfattning medan reformens anhängare från ett rättsrealistiskt perspektiv hävdade att demokratiskt valda politiker hade mandat att fatta vilka beslu*t som helst och att kritik av den uppfattningen var angrepp på den representativa demokratin. Skälet till att att författningsfrågan alls aktualiserades och hölls vid liv under så många år förefaller vara att den socialdemokratiska partiledningen med hjälp av de tre borgerliga partierna under lång tid försökte balansera de radikala partiaktivisterna inom det egna partiet.